Markets Around The World Are Crashing; Gold Soars

Zero Hedge | by Tyler Durden | 02/11/201

Yesterday morning, when musing on the day's key event namely Yellen's congressional testimony, we dismissed the most recent bout of European bank euphoria which we said "will be brief if not validated by concrete actions, because while central banks have the luxury of jawboning, commercial banks are actually burning through funds - rapidly at that - and don't have the luxury of hoping for the best while doing nothing." This morning DB has wiped out all of yesterday's gain.

As for Yellen's testimony, we said that "she can send stocks reeling with one word out of place" - the word in question being not what she said but what she didn't say, in this case not being dovish enough and thus supportive enough of risk. And the consequence is there for all to see as soon as their trading terminal boots up: everything is crashing (with the exception of China which is on holiday, and Japan which was mercifully closed yesterday). Here are the highlights:

• S&P 500 futures down 1.8% to 1814
• Stoxx 600 down 3.4% to 304
• FTSE 100 down 2.6% to 5525
• DAX down 2.9% to 8760
• German 10Yr yield down 7bps to 0.18%
• MSCI Asia Pacific up 0.1% to 117
• Hang Seng down 3.8% to 18546
• S&P/ASX 200 up 1% to 4821
• US 10-yr yield down 5bps to 1.62%
• Dollar Index down 0.42% to 95.49
• WTI Crude futures down 2.9% to $26.65
• Brent Futures down 1.7% to $30.31
• Gold spot up 1.9% to $1,220
• Silver spot up 1.5% to $15.50

It all started in Hong Kong where as we reported last night, the Hang Seng Index plunged 3.9%, catching up with the week’s selloff as the market reopened from a holiday, and capping its worst Lunar New Year start since 1994.

Japan’s Nikkei Stock Average and China’s Shanghai Composite Index were both closed, but investors continued to pile into the yen, as virtually every carry trade has fallen apart in the past month. As a result, the dollar was down 1.8% against the yen at ¥111.28 after sliding below 111 briefly, a massive gain of nearly 300 pips in the past 24 hours, sending the Yen to the lowest level since October 2014 when Kuroda expanded QE.

In the first 9 days of this month, the Yen has risen 985 pips: That is biggest advance, in pip terms, since Oct. 1998; that month, the currency rose 1,563 pips from 130.03 to 114.40 over nine trading days ended Oct. 19. Elsewhere, the euro was up 0.4% against the dollar at $1.1325, its highest since October.

It wasn't just FX: European stocks slid toward their lowest since September 2013 and U.S. futures indicated equities will open nearly 2% and put the recent support level of 1812 in danger of being breached.

Among the key European movers was Societe Generale which tumbled 12% after reporting that quarterly profit missed estimates as earnings at the investment bank fell and it set aside provisions for potential legal costs. Elsewhere, Rio Tinto Group slipped 4.1% as it scrapped its progressive dividend policy and set out new spending cuts.

“Financial markets are repricing for a global growth slowdown,” said Tim Condon, head of Asian research at ING Groep NV in Singapore. "Expectations that monetary policy would be able to do much have diminished considerably.”

Just as troubling is that Swedish shares slid and the OMX Stockholm 30 Index dropped 3.% despite Sweden’s central bank going even deeper into NIRP, cutting its interest rate from -0.35% to -0.5%, lower than the expected -0.45%. The yen leaped to its highest in more than a year. Major sovereign bond markets rallied, pushing U.K. gilt yields to a record low. Gold rose beyond $1,200 an ounce, while U.S. oil traded below $27 a barrel.

This is troubling, because as Bloomberg notes, "signals by central banks from Europe to Japan that additional stimulus is at the ready are failing to ease investor concern that global growth will keep slowing." This means that it is no longer just a joke that central banks are losing credibility: judging by the markets' reaction it is all too real. To this point, yesterday we wondered if Yellen will make bad news good news again. She has failed:

“Over the last few years when we got bad news, equity markets would rally because they would interpret this as potential for central banks to go more dovish,” said Mohit Kumar, head of rates strategy at Credit Agricole SA’s corporate and investment bank unit in London. “Now that correlation is shifting to bad news is actually bad news. Investors are concerned over central banks’ policy options given the market is driven by factors over which they have little or no control over.”

Imagine that: investors investing without a central bank to hold their hand.

Among other things crashing: bond yields - the 10Year plunged to 1.62%, the lowest level since May 2013 as the entire treasury complex prepares for NIRP.

Not everything was crashing however: as central planners lost control, the dull, boring yellow metal known as gold was up about 4% overnight and was trading at $1240 moments ago, well above the level it hit when the Fed ended QE3, and outperforming every asset class in that time period.

Also surging are peripheral European yields, most notably in Portugal and Greece both overf 30 bps wider, as suddenly 7 years of financial dirt kicked under the rug thanks to central bank jawboning and futile actions, re-emerges for all to see, and to be reminded that nothing was ever fixed!

In short, the market is threatening Yellen with a crash ahead of her 2nd testimony today this time before the Senate. We doubt she will comply, so the market will just have to try harder.

Here are the top news from overnight:

• Yellen Suggests Fed May Delay Rate Rises, Not Abandon Them: Fed chair non-committal on possible use of negative rates
• Assessing Yellen’s Warning That Markets Pose a Threat to Economy: Bear markets usually come ~9 months before recessions
• Mylan Slumps, Meda Soars on $7.2 Billion ‘Wealth Destroying’ Bid: Price represents a 92% premium to Meda’s close on Wednesday
• Sanders Raises $7.1 Million After New Hampshire Win: comes after Tuesday’s victory speech declaration that he was “going to hold a fundraiser right here, right now, across America”
• Clinton Reassesses Campaign With Thursday Debate Next Test: New Hampshire margin for Sanders puts Clinton on defensive
• Twitter Troubles Deepen as Lack of User Growth Threatens Sales: Dorsey says making product easier to use is top priority
• Amazon to Repurchase as Much as $5 Billion of Its Own Shares: co. commented in filing yday
• U.K. Bond Yield Drops to Record-Low as Investors Seek Safety: U.K. plans to auction 30-year securities later Thursday
• Swedish Central Bank Unleashes More Stimulus After Krona Warning: Sees scope to cut repo rate further
• ‘Brexit’ Vote Is Clouding U.K.’s Growth Outlook, CBI Says: Business lobby downgrades 2016 growth forecast to 2.3%
• Gold Soars Above $1,200 as Fed Chief Signals Go-Slow on Rates: set for 9th gain in 10 days on Fed chief’s remarks
• Oil Above $55 Is a Long-Term Inevitability, Maersk CEO Says: sees global demand pushing oil price higher over time
• Worst Still Ahead for Mining Industry After Losing $1.4 Trillion: This year looks even worse for an industry decimated by the commodities slump
• SocGen Slumps as Quarterly Profit Hurt by Securities Drop: Bank says ROE target for this year of 10% is ‘unconfirmed’
• As Zika Spreads, an Unexpected Winner in Brazil’s Mosquito War: Scandal-plagued leader Rousseff seeks unity to fight virus

In today's closer look at regional markets, we start in Asia, where equities traded broadly in negative territory amid the soft lead on Wall Street, coupled with the persistent credit risk fears adding to the risk-off sentiment. As such, the iTraxx Asia index ex Japan, an index tracking the value of CDS's in Asia, widened by 6bps to the highest level since Aug'13. The Hang Seng (-3.9%) returned from its elongated break to play catch up with the recent global equity and oil rout, consequently energy names were the notable laggard. While South Korea had also entered the fray as the Kospi (-2.5%) slipped amid the rising geopolitical tensions with North Korea after launching a satellite into space. ASX 200 (+1.0%) bucked the trend with stocks supported by a slew of strong earnings. As a reminder, Japanese markets were closed due to National Foundation Day.

Top Asian News

• Hong Kong Stocks Fall in Worst Start to Lunar New Year Since ’94: Global equity rout deepens during 3-day trading break
• Bass Says China Bank Losses May Top 400% of Subprime Crisis: Hedge fund manager says 10% asset loss would cut equity by $3.5t
• Rio Will Cut Dividend After Metals Rout Sees Profit Tumble: World’s 2nd-biggest mining co. to reduce spending by another $3b
• Billionaire’s Fund Sees India Extending Bear-Market Losses: Hedge fund awaits further 10% drop in values to turn bullish
• SBI’s Profit Growth Slows to Four-Year Low on Bad Loan Surge: Provisions for bad loans almost double in the December quarter
• North Korea to Shut Industrial Park, Freeze South Korean Assets: To expel South Korean personnel from Gaeseong complex

In Europe we have so far seen the most volatile day of what has been a very rocky 2016. Risk off sentiment is extremely apparent across asset class, with equities seeing a significant sell off so far today. Euro Stoxx 50 is lower by around 3.0% this morning, with financials and energy names the most significant underperformers as has been the case throughout the last 6 weeks. Financials have been weighed on by SocGen (-12.4%) who have suffered significantly in the wake of their earnings, while Deutsche Bank's woes have not been forgotten (-5.7%), with the iTraxx Sub Financials index widening this morning by around 36bps, suggesting a rise in financials' CDS. The heightened fear has also seen significant gains in fixed income, with Bunds higher by around 100 ticks so far today, while UK 10-year Gilt yields dropped to a record low this morning.

European Top News

• Glencore Copper Production Falls as Franco to Buy Metals Stream: 4Q zinc production fell 18%, coal declined 17%
• Zurich Insurance Quarterly Loss Misses Estimates on Claims: Company expects to miss its return-on-equity target for year
• Total’s Earnings Beat Estimates on Oil Production, Refining: Co. maintains dividend, offers payout in new stock
• Adidas Sees Higher Profit After 2015 Earnings Beat Estimates: Raises sales, profit outlook for this year
• BG Group Trades Final Time Before Merger: To delist from exchanges on Feb. 15 as Shell takes over; BG’s value has grown ninefold since company’s creation in 1997
• Mediobanca Second-Quarter Profit Declines on One-Time Charges: Fiscal 2Q profit falls 24%
• Nokia Earnings Increase on Cost Focus as Sales Fall Short: Projects 2016 “headwinds” as demand slows
• Publicis Sales Rise on Digital, North American Business: CEO Maurice Levy forecasts ‘modest’ growth this year
• Rio Will Cut Dividend After Metals Rout Sees Profit Tumble: To reduce spending by another $3 billion
• Natixis Buys Stake in U.S. Boutique as CEO Seeks Advisory Growth: To acquire 51% of Peter J. Solomon

In FX, the dominant move as noted above was the USD/JPY sell off, which has impacted on all the major currency pairs. This has contributed to the risk off theme, with stock markets in Europe in the red again and US futures pointing to a 5th consecutive day of losses. From the mid 112.00's, the spot JPY rate was slammed through the 111.00's to print 110.99, with no sign of the MoF or BoJ.
Cross/JPY rates were dragged lower, with EUR/JPY trading through the key 126.00 level, but with limited momentum through here as EUR/USD rallied to new recent highs just above 1.1350. No such tempering in GBP and AUD, though the former JPY rate held 160.00 despite a heavy turnaround in Cable. EUR/GBP posted new highs through .7850. AUD/USD losses through .7000 contributed to sub 80.00 (and 79.00) in AUD/JPY. USD/CAD has tested 1.4000, but holds off the figure as yet.

WTI and Brent crude futures have ticked lower in European trade with WTI Mar'16 futures notably breaking below the USD 27.00 level, near 12 year lows despite the headline figure released in yesterday's DoE inventories showing a surprise drawdown . However, some analysts have noted that Cushing OK crude inventories showed a surprise build, and the market is ready to pounce on any signs that the glut is expanding.

Gold has benefited from safe haven bids in Asian and European trade and is over USD 25.00/oz higher on the session, at its highest level since May 2015. The World Gold Council have noted that the upward trend in gold looks set to continue as buying by central banks and Chinese investors will bolster prices. Analysts have noted that the following year could see a surge of M&A activity, as gold miners have plenty of liquidity with surging gold prices and diversified miners look to offload assets, due to softness in industrial metals.

Turning to the day ahead, we get the latest weekly initial jobless claims data due in the US. The focus will again be on Fed Chair Yellen when she is due to speak in front of the Senate at 10am. Her prepared remarks will mirror what she said yesterday so the focus will be on the Q&A: for the sake of the market she better be much more dovish.

Bulletin Headline Summary from Bloomberg and RanSquawk

• Today has seen the most volatile day of what has been a very rocky 2016, risk off sentiment is extremely apparent across asset class
• The FX markets have been dominated by the USD/JPY sell off, which has impacted on all the major currency pairs
• Looking ahead: highlights include: Fed's Yellen appear before Senate, weekly jobs data and earnings from PepsiCo
• Treasuries higher in overnight trading as European equity markets plunge, WIT oil drops below $27 a barrel; Treasury to sell $15b U.S. 30Y notes, WI 2.465% vs 2.905% in January, lowest 30Y auction stop since 2.880% in August 2015.
• Financial markets are signaling that investors have lost faith in policy makers’ ability to support the global economy. European stocks slid toward their lowest since September 2013 and U.S. futures indicated equities will open lower
• Sweden’s central bank lowered its key interest rate even further below zero to -0.5% and said it’s prepared to use its full toolbox of measures as it battles to revive inflation and keep the krona from appreciating
• European banks and insurers’ subordinated credit risk rose to the highest since March 2013 after disappointing earnings at Societe Generale and Zurich Insurance Group renewed concerns about financial companies’ profits; Societe Generale, France’s second-largest bank by market value, posted fourth-quarter profit that missed analysts’ estimates as earnings at the investment bank dropped and it set aside provisions for potential legal costs. The shares plunged
• With populist and anti-EU forces surging across the region, should David Cameron leave next week’s European Union summit with a deal to overhaul the terms of Britain’s membership, many of his counterparts will dig out their own wishlists
• Kyle Bass, the hedge fund manager who successfully bet against mortgages during the subprime crisis, said China’s banking system may see losses of more than four times those suffered by U.S. banks during the last crisis
• The world is so awash with crude, the boss of BP Plc said people will be filling their “swimming pools” with it by the end of the year
• Sovereign 10Y bond yields mostly lower, Greece (+31bp), Portugal (+31bp) higher; European stocks plunge, Asian markets mostly closed for holiday, Hang Seng drops; U.S. equity-index futures fall. Crude oil drops, copper, gold rise

US Event Calendar

• 8:30am: Initial Jobless Claims, Feb. 6., est. 280k (prior 285k); Continuing Claims, Jan. 30, est. 2.245m (prior 2.255m)
• 8:45am: Bloomberg Feb. United States Economic Survey
• 9:45am: Bloomberg Consumer Comfort, Feb. 7 (prior 44.2)
• 1:00pm: U.S. to sell $15b 30Y bonds

• Central Banks
• 10:00am: Fed’s Yellen testifies to Senate committee
• 5:30pm: Reserve Bank of Australia’s Stevens testifies in Parliament

DB's Jim Reid concludes the overnight wrap

Looking at the latest in Asia this morning, markets in Korea and Hong Kong are open for the first time this week, although are largely playing catch up with the big falls that we’ve seen for risk assets in that time. The Hang Seng is currently down a steep -4.03% while the Kospi has dropped -2.97%. Mainland China exchanges are still closed although the Hang Seng China Enterprises Index (HSCEI) is down nearly 5%. Markets in Japan are closed for a public holiday. There’s better news in Australia where the ASX is currently +0.95%, although the Aus iTraxx index is 4bps wider as we go to print. US equity market futures are weaker while Gold has surged above $1,200.

Moving on. As we highlighted at the top, yesterday saw the 2s10s Treasury yield curve go below 100bps for first time since December 2007. After spiking as high as 1.772% in early trading, the benchmark 10y yield tumbled into the close, eventually finishing over 5bps lower on the day at 1.668% and just off the 12-month lows. 2y yields finished unchanged at 0.686% meaning the spread of 98bps is the lowest since the 6th December 2007. This is one of our favourite lead indicators of the business and default cycle and the flattening that has occurred in recent years is one of the reasons we think credit conditions have been tightening for a few quarters now and why our default models have been showing a continued pick-up in defaults into 2017-2018. To be fair the last four recessions have not started until the yield curve (2s10s) has inverted. We're still some way off that but the fact that we're at the flattest for over 8 years is a warning sign.

There was finally some good news to report for European equity markets yesterday as the Stoxx 600 (+1.87%) benefited from a financials-led (Banks +4.42%) rebound to close up for the first time this month. Having been heavily hit in recent days the IBEX (+2.73%) and FTSE MIB (+5.03%) finally got some much needed relief. European credit indices also had a better day although did finish well off their tights. The iTraxx senior and sub-financials indices ended up 5bps and 13bps tighter respectively which helped Main in particular close nearly 2.5bps tighter, although the index had been closer to 8bps tighter pre-Yellen.

Staying with credit, our US credit strategists published their latest note earlier this week (Chickens Come Home to Roost, 8 Feb 2016) wherein they construct a proprietary dataset to forecast expected US default rates. The team uses index transition data to capture all forms of default – bankruptcies, out-of-court restructurings and distressed exchanges – to build a robust market-based dataset that is more detailed, precise and timely than that available from ratings agencies. The most striking revelation of the data is that DM HY commodity names appear to already be in a full cycle, with issuer-weighted default rates at 15.9% (14.9% par).

Assuming that commodity defaults rise to 20% for the year ahead and that ex-commodity defaults hold steady at 4% as they forecast, the overall default rate for DM USD HY (Commodity weight: ~20%) would hit 7.2% - magnitudes higher than the 1.85% default rate seen last year! Rising credit pressures across a spectrum of non-commodity industries and downward pressure on recovery rates in energy bonds should only serve to further compound already apparent risks.

Wrapping up, yesterday’s economic data was focused on what was a pretty soft set of industrial production reports in Europe. Data for France (-1.6% mom vs. +0.3% expected), Italy (-0.7% mom vs. +0.3% expected) and the UK (-1.1% mom vs. -0.1% expected) all missed relative to expectations, while manufacturing reports for France and the UK were also soft for the month of December.

Turning to the day ahead, there’s not alot for us to report with no economic data of note due out in Europe and just the latest weekly initial jobless claims data due in the US this afternoon. Instead the focus will again be on Fed Chair Yellen when she is due to speak in front of the Senate at 3pm GMT. Her prepared remarks could mirror what she said yesterday so the focus will be on the Q&A. Away from this we’ll also get the Riksbank’s latest monetary policy announcement where current economist expectations are for another cut in the main policy rate deeper into negative territory (10bps cut to -0.45%). Earnings wise today we have 20 S&P 500 companies set to report including AIG and PepsiCo.

Greek stock market falls sharply on banking sector meltdown

Yahoo News | February 8, 2016

Athens (AFP) - Bank shares crashed on the Athens stock exchange Monday, losing a fifth of their value within hours, as the government was seen facing an impossible choice between further austerity and social unrest.

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The FTSEB index of financial stocks was down over 20 percent in midday trading, helping pull the overall market index more than 7 percent lower.

The Athens stock exchange had already lost 8.89 percent of its value last week, with the banking index taking a beating with a drop of 24.3 percent.

The main banks had gained a little ground after receiving a recapitalisation boost in December, six months after a disastrous tug-of-war between the leftist government of Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras and Greece's EU-IMF creditors forced the imposition of capital controls and nearly wiped out the value of their shares.

Greece last week wrapped the first phase of a fiscal review by its EU-IMF international creditors, with no agreement in sight on a controversial pension reform that has caused a social backlash against Tsipras' fragile coalition.

German business daily Handelsblatt over the weekend cited a source close to the talks saying that "Greece was doing a lot on paper" but less on the application front.

Leftist daily Avgi, which is close to the government, on Sunday said there were "many and significant" difficulties in reaching an agreement on Greece's fiscal targets for 2017 and 2018.

These include a gap of 800 million euros ($872 million) and disagreements over how to handle the mountain of bad loans weighing down Greek banks.

Protests are mounting against Tsipras's government -- which aims to slash maximum pensions -- with a general strike held last week and farmers intermittently blocking national highways and border crossings for the past three weeks.

The prime minister has a majority of just 153 deputies in the 300-seat parliament with which to secure passage of the pension bill later this month.

Citi: World economy trapped in ‘death spiral’

NBC | Katy Barnato | February 5, 2016

Ivan Bliznetsov | Getty Images

The global economy seems trapped in a "death spiral" that could lead to further weakness in oil prices, recession and a serious equity bear market, Citi strategists have warned.

Some analysts — including those at Citi — have turned bearish on the world economy this year, following an equity rout in January and weaker economic data out of China and the U.S.

"The world appears to be trapped in a circular reference death spiral," Citi strategists led by Jonathan Stubbs said in a report on Thursday.

"Stronger U.S. dollar, weaker oil/commodity prices, weaker world trade/petrodollar liquidity, weaker EM (and global growth)... and repeat. Ad infinitum, this would lead to Oilmageddon, a 'significant and synchronized' global recession and a proper modern-day equity bear market."

Stubbs said that macro strategists at Citi forecast that the dollar would weaken in 2016 and that oil prices were likely bottoming, potentially providing some light at the end of the tunnel.

"The death spiral is in nobody's interest. Rational behavior, most likely, will prevail," he said in the report.

Crude oil prices have tumbled by around 70 percent since the middle of 2014, during which time the U.S. dollar has risen by around 20 percent against a basket of currencies.

The world economy grew by 3.1 percent in 2015 and is projected to accelerate to expand by 3.4 percent in 2016 and 3.6 percent in 2017, according to the International Monetary Fund. The forecast reflects expectations of gradual improvement in countries currently in economic distress, notably Brazil, Russia and some in the Middle East.

By contrast, Citi forecasts the world economy will grow by only 2.7 percent in 2016 having cut its outlook last month.

Overall, advanced economies are mostly making a modest recovery, while many emerging market and developing economies are under strain from the rebalancing of the Chinese economy, lower commodity prices and capital outflows.

Stubbs added that policymakers would likely attempt to "regain credibility" in the coming weeks and months.

"This is fundamental to avoiding a proper/full global recession and dangerous disorder across financial markets. The stakes are high, perhaps higher than they have ever been in the post-World War II era," he said.

Just 151,000 new jobs were created in January in the U.S., in the latest sign that the world's biggest economy is slowing. Economists are concerned about an industrial or manufacturing recession in the country, following some warnings from companies in earnings seasons and recent weak manufacturing activity and durable goods orders data.

However, some analysts say markets are overegging the prospect of a global slump.

"Many markets are now pricing in a significant probability of recession and when we talk about recession, we're talking particularly about a U.S. recession. Do you think that is likely or not? To me, the odds are too high; the market is pricing too high a probability," Myles Bradshaw, the head of global aggregate fixed income at Amundi, told CNBC this week.

Fed’s December hike was a major mistake, former Bank of England official says

Greg Robb | MarketWatch - JANUARY 28, 2016

IMAGE CREDITS: IMF / FLICKR.

Weak data, such as Thursday’s durable-goods-orders report, signal that the Federal Reserve made “a major macro mistake” raising interest rates in December, said Danny Blanchflower, a Dartmouth College economist.

See: Durable-goods-orders decline could mean economy shrank in fourth quarter.

In December, not only did the Fed raise rates for the first time in nine years, but they signaled there would be four more hikes this year.


Now, “there’s a 50/50 chance the next move is a cut...as with all the other rate hikes since 2009 this one will have to be reversed,” Blanchflower, who leans dovish, said in an interview.

Traders who bet on rate hikes using fed funds futures contracts are now wagering that the Fed will next hike rates in September, according to CME FedWatch.

“The Fed has seriously lost credibility. No one believes them,” Blanchflower added.

The Fed’s ‘classic” mistake has been to underestimate the negative spillovers from the slowing of China, the worlds number-two economy, he said.

The Dartmouth economist, who was a former member of the Bank of England’s monetary policy committee, said the situation reminded him of 2008 when the U.K. thought it could avoid the subprime housing slowdown in the U.S. economy.

Blanchflower cited new figures in a Bloomberg article pointing to a steep slowdown in global trade.

In addition, the U.S. central bank doesn’t yet grasp that the decline in oil prices is not a positive supply shock but a signal of weak global demand, he said.

In its dovish policy statement released Wednesday, the Fed took out any reference to the balance of risks facing the economy, after saying in December that the risks were balanced.

“That’s a big admission of a mistake,” Blanchflower said.

See: The Fed says sorry for its rate-hike forecast

In its statement, the Fed said it “is closely monitoring global economic and financial developments and is assessing their implications for the labor market and inflation, and for the balance of risks to the outlook.”

Economic indicators are now pointing in the direction of a recession, Blanchflower said.

IMF and World Bank move to forestall oil-led defaults

FT | Jack Farchy in Moscow and Shawn Donnan in Washington | January 27, 2016 6:47 pm

Secretary Kerry Holds Trilateral Meeting With Presidents of Azerbaijan and Armenia at NATO Summit in Wales | IMAGE SOURCE: WIKIPEDIA COMMONS

Officials from the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank are heading to Azerbaijan to discuss a possible $4bn emergency loan package in what risks becoming the first of a series of bailouts stemming from the tumbling oil price.

The Baku visit, which follows a currency crisis triggered by the collapse in crude, comes amid concern at the two global institutions over emerging market producers from central Asia to Latin America.

The fund and the bank have also been monitoring developments in other oil-producing countries such as Brazil, which is now mired in its worst recession in more than a century, and Ecuador. The oil-driven crisis in Venezuela has even raised the possibility of repaired relations between the fund and Caracas, a city IMF staff last visited more than a decade ago.

Azerbaijan depends on oil and gas for 95 per cent of its exports and the fallout of its currency weakness has sparked a series of protests across the country rattling the government of President Ilham Aliyev.

Last week the former Soviet republic became one of the first countries in the world to resort to capital controls in response to the collapse in oil prices, imposing a 20 per cent tax on exporting foreign currency.

The Azerbaijani currency, the manat, has fallen 35 per cent since the central bank in late December abandoned a dollar peg after spending more than half its reserves in a year.

The IMF team would be in Baku from January 28 until February 4 for “a fact-finding staff visit at the authorities’ request”, an IMF spokesperson said. It would discuss possible “technical assistance” and “assess possible financing needs”. The financing package under discussion was worth about $4bn, people familiar with the discussions said.

A World Bank spokesman said the IMF and it were discussing with the government immediate and longer-term measures “in response to the pressure on the local currency and low oil prices”.

The World Bank predicted this week crude prices would average just $37 a barrel this year and warned of long-term consequences. It also issued a caution that both producers and commodity markets still faced the significant risk of a bigger than expected slowdown in major oil-consuming emerging economies like China.

“These are bad times for oil producers and their creditors,” Oxford Economics warned clients on Wednesday. “History provides reason for extreme pessimism on the likely fortunes of commodity producers; suggesting that [emerging markets] are prone to default and that commodity slumps are possibly the biggest cause of defaults.”

Christine Lagarde, the managing director of the IMF, began the year with a visit to Nigeria when she warned that Africa’s largest economy would have to confront “tough choices” and the reality of lower oil prices for some time.

Discussions with Baku are at an early stage and the Azerbaijani government may yet opt to go without support from the IMF, people familiar with the matter said.

While Azerbaijan’s central bank reserves have fallen dramatically in the past year, the country has little debt and a sovereign wealth fund with assets of $34.7bn at the start of October, more than 60 per cent of GDP.

However, the fall in oil prices has put the Azerbaijani economy under extreme stress. Elman Rustamov, the central bank governor, said last week that over the course of 2015 the country’s balance of payments had fallen from $17bn to “practically zero”. Moody’s, the credit rating agency, said last month it expected Azerbaijan to record a budget deficit of 5.5 per cent in 2016 after a 9.2 per cent deficit last year.

Representatives of the Baku government did not respond to requests for comment on Wednesday. Samir Sharifov, finance minister, said in an interview on Azerbaijani television broadcast over the weekend that government bonds issued on the domestic market would be “one of the sources” to cover the budget deficit.

Delegations from other international financial institutions, including the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the Asian Development Bank, are also due to arrive in Baku in the next few days.